________________________________________
|
_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
|
_________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
|
_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
|
_____________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
|
_Walter STEWART _____|
| (1293 - 1326) |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | _________________________________|
| | | | | |
| | | | | | ________________________________________
| | | | | | |
| | | | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| | _________________________________|
| | | |
| | | | ________________________________________
| | | | |
| | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | |
| |_________________________________|
| |
| | ________________________________________
| | |
| |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
|
|
|--Robert II
| (1316 - 1390)
| _Robert DE BRUS, _______________________+
| | (1105 - 1190)
| _William DE BRUS ____________________________________|_Euphemia DE CROSEBI ___________________
| | (1158 - 1215) m 1185 (1104 - ....)
| _Robert DE BRUS _________________|
| | (1195 - 1226) m 1209 |
| | | _Uchtred MAC FERGUS, LORD OF GALLOWAY __+
| | | | (1120 - 1174) m 1150
| | |_Christina MAC UCHTRED ______________________________|_Gunhilde OF DUNBAR ____________________
| | (1158 - 1238) m 1185 (1124 - 1166)
| _Robert DE BRUS _____|
| | (1210 - 1295) m 1240|
| | | _Henry OF SCOTLAND _____________________+
| | | | (1114 - 1152) m 1139
| | | _David Earl de Huntingdon DUNKELD ___________________|_Ada ___________________________________
| | | | (1144 - 1219) m 1190 (1114 - ....)
| | |_Isobel OF HUNTINGDON ___________|
| | (1199 - 1251) m 1209 |
| | | _Hugh DE GERNON ________________________+
| | | | (1135 - 1181) m 1169
| | |_Maud of Chester ____________________________________|_Bertrade DE MONTFORT __________________
| | (1171 - 1233) m 1190 (1155 - 1227)
| _Robert DE BRUCE ____|
| | (1243 - 1304) |
| | | _Roger DE CLARE ________________________+
| | | | (1116 - 1173) m 1150
| | | _Richard DE CLARE ___________________________________|_Matilda DE ST. HILARY _________________
| | | | (1153 - 1217) m 1180 (1132 - 1193)
| | | _Gilbert DE CLARE _______________|
| | | | (1180 - 1230) m 1217 |
| | | | | _William FITZROBERT ____________________+
| | | | | | (1112 - 1183) m 1149
| | | | |_Amice FITZWILLIAM __________________________________|_Hawise DE BEAUMONT ____________________
| | | | (1154 - 1225) m 1180 (1129 - 1197)
| | |_Isabella DE CLARE __|
| | (1226 - 1264) m 1240|
| | | _John FITZGILBERT MARSHALL PLANTAGENET _+
| | | | (1105 - 1164) m 1143
| | | _William MARSHAL ____________________________________|_Sibilla DEVEREAUX _____________________
| | | | (1146 - 1219) (1123 - 1155)
| | |_Isabel MARSHAL _________________|
| | (1200 - 1240) m 1217 |
| | | _Richard " Strongbow" DE CLARE _________+
| | | | (1125 - 1176) m 1170
| | |_Isabel FitzGilbert Countess Strigoil Heiress CLARE _|_Aoife Eva MCMURROUGH __________________
| | (1172 - 1220) (1145 - 1188)
| _Robert THE BRUCE, KING OF SCOTLAND _|
| | (1274 - 1329) |
| | | _Gille Brigte MAC FERGUS _______________+
| | | | (1126 - 1185) m 1173
| | | _Donnchad MAC GILLE BRIGTE __________________________|_Mrs. Gilbert __________________________
| | | | (1173 - 1250) m 1200 (1126 - ....)
| | | _Cailean MACDHONNCHAD ___________|
| | | | (1200 - 1250) |
| | | | | _Alan FITZ WALTER ______________________+
| | | | | | (1126 - 1204) m 1175
| | | | |_Avelina FITZALAN ___________________________________|_Alesta NIC MORGGAN ____________________
| | | | (1179 - 1250) m 1200 (1150 - 1182)
| | | _Niall MACDHONNCHAD _|
| | | | (1215 - 1256) m 1234|
| | | | | _Áed in Macáem Tóinlesc _____________+
| | | | | | (1130 - 1177)
| | | | | _Niall Ruadh the red O'NEIL _________________________|_Osybd O'NEILL _________________________
| | | | | | (1180 - 1226) (1130 - 1152)
| | | | |_Naula Verch Niall Ruadh O'NEIL _|
| | | | (1205 - 1239) |
| | | | | _Roderick O CONNOR _____________________
| | | | | |
| | | | |_Nuala O'CONNOR _____________________________________|________________________________________
| | | | (1167 - 1226)
| | |_Marjorie MACNIALL __|
| | (1254 - 1292) |
| | | _Walter FITZALAN, ______________________+
| | | | (1106 - 1177) m 1125
| | | _Alan FITZ WALTER ___________________________________|_Eschyna DE LONDONIIS __________________
| | | | (1126 - 1204) m 1175 (1107 - 1186)
| | | _Walter STEWART _________________|
| | | | (1180 - 1246) m 1205 |
| | | | | _Morgund MACGYLOCHE ____________________+
| | | | | | (1115 - 1182) m 1149
| | | | |_Alesta NIC MORGGAN _________________________________|_Agnes DE BRAOSE _______________________
| | | | (1150 - 1182) m 1175 (1130 - 1170)
| | |_Margaret STEWART ___|
| | (1206 - 1255) m 1234|
| | | _Gillbride MACDUFUGAN __________________+
| | | | (1118 - 1187) m 1151
| | | _Gille CRIST ________________________________________|_Margaret GOSPATRICK ___________________
| | | | (1154 - 1207) m 1169 (1124 - 1154)
| | |_Beatrix GILLECRIST _____________|
| | (1184 - 1252) m 1205 |
| | | _Henry OF SCOTLAND _____________________+
| | | | (1114 - 1152) m 1139
| | |_Marjorie OF HUNTINGDON _____________________________|_Ada DE WARENNES _______________________
| | (1152 - 1213) m 1169 (1120 - 1178)
|_Marjorie BRUCE _____|
(1296 - 1316) |
| ________________________________________
| |
| _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
| _________________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_________________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | |
| | | _________________________________|
| | | | |
| | | | | ________________________________________
| | | | | |
| | | | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_________________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
|_Isabella OF MAR ____________________|
(1277 - 1297) |
| ________________________________________
| |
| _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
| _________________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
| _____________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | | _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_________________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| ________________________________________
| |
| _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
| _________________________________|
| | |
| | | ________________________________________
| | | |
| | |_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
|_____________________|
|
| ________________________________________
| |
| _____________________________________________________|________________________________________
| |
|_________________________________|
|
| ________________________________________
| |
|_____________________________________________________|________________________________________
[5216]
The Life Summary of Robert
When Robert Stewart II King of Scotland was born on 2 March 1316, in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, his father, Sir Walter Stewart 6th High Steward of Scotland, was 23 and his mother, Princess Marjorie Bruce of Scotland, was 19. He married Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan on 22 November 1335, in Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland. They were the parents of at least 4 sons and 6 daughters. He died on 19 April 1390, in Kyle, Ayrshire, Scotland, at the age of 74, and was buried in Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland, United Kingdom.
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L89H-F4P/robert-stewart-ii-king-of-scotland-1316-1390
Robert II of Scotland was named Robert Stewart at birth and took the reginal name of Robert II when he became King of Scotland.
Robert was the only son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, and of Marjorie Bruce, the oldest child of the Scottish king Robert the Bruce by his first wife Isabella of Mar. Robert was the oldest grandchild of Robert the Bruce and succeed the throne of Scotland upon the death of his uncle King David II. David was the only legitimate son of Robert the Bruce and died childless.
Name: King Robert II of Scotland
Father: Walter Stewart
Mother: Marjorie daughter of Robert Bruce
House of: Stewart
Born: March 2, 1316 at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland
Ascended to the throne: February 22, 1371 aged 54 years
Crowned: March 26, 1371 at Scone Abbey, Perthshire
Married:(1) Elizabeth Mure, 1336
Married:(2) Euphemia of Moray, 1355
Children: 10 by Elizabeth Mure including John (Robert III), 4 by Euphemia and several illegitimate.
Died: April 19, 1390, at Dundonald Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland (aged 74 years, 1 month, and 17 days)
Buried at: 1390 at Dunfermline Abbey, Scotland (His heart was buried at Melrose Abbey, Scotland)
Succeeded by: his son John who took the name Robert III
Robert was a grandson of Robert Bruce, and the first in the House of Stewart dynasty. The name came from his ancestor Walter Stewart who was appointed High Steward of Scotland by David I. He had escaped following the defeat of David II at Halidon Hill in 1333 and took over as Guardian of Scotland while David was in exile in France.
He was a mature man of 54 when he succeeded to the throne on the death of David, but he was weak king and did not rule well over the nobles who were critical of him leading to a loss of prestige of the crown. His heir John took over the rule to attempt to restore law and order.
A truce with England in 1384 was short lived, and the border wars continued. In 1388 the Scots under James Douglas won a victory at Otterburn near Newcastle over Henry Percy ‘Hotspur’ of Northumberland.
Robert had 14 legitimate children and at least 7 illegitimate. He was succeeded by his son John who took the name Robert III.
Timeline for King Robert II of Scotland
Year Event
1371 Robert Stewart, the first Stewart King of Scotland becomes king
1384 Truce is arranged between England, Scotland, and France. Scotland refuses to recognize truce. Anglo Scottish war resumes
1388 Battle of Otterburn in which Scots defeat Henry Percy (Harry Hotspur)
1390 Robert II dies and is succeeded by his son John, who becomes Robert III.
https://www.britroyals.com/scots.asp?id=robert2
Robert Stewart
The Steward
Earl of Strathearn (about 6 November 1357), Earl of Atholl (about 31 May 1367)
Born 2 March 1316 - Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland
Deceased 19 April 1390 - Ayrshire, Scotland, aged 74 years old
Buried in 1390 - Perthshire, Scotland
King of Scotland
Parents
Walter Stewart, Sir ca 1292-1326
Marjorie Bruce ca 1297-1316
Spouses and children
Married in 1349 to Elizabeth Mure ca 1300-/1355 with
M John Stewart, Earl of Carrick 1337..1340-1406
M Walter Stewart, Earl of Fife ca 1338-1362..1363
M Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany ca 1340-1420
M Alexander Stewart, Wolf of Badenoch ca 1341-1394
F Elizabeth Stewart ca 1342-
F Isabella Stewart ca 1343-ca 1410
F Jean Stewart ca 1344-1404/
F Joan Stewart ca 1345-ca 1400
F Katherine Stewart ca 1345-1394/
F Margaret Stewart ca 1346-
F Marjorie Stewart ca 1347-1417/
F Egidia Stewart ca 1360-
Married after 2 May 1355 to Euphemia Of Ross, Countess of Moray ca 1316-ca 1387 with
M David Stewart, Earl Palatine of Strathearn ca 1356-/1389
F Katherine Jean Elizabeth Stewart ca 1360-
M Walter Stewart, Baron of Brechin ca 1360-
F Egidia Stewart †1388/
Married to Moira Leitch with
M John Stewart, Knight †ca 1445
Half-siblings
On 's side Walter Stewart, Sir ca 1292-1326
with Alice Erskine
F Jean Stewart
with Isabella Graham
M John Stewart Of Railston, Knight
M Andrew Stewart, Knight
F Egidia Stewart †/1406
(hide)
Events
2 March 1316 : Birth - Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland
Sources:
- Ancestry.com - Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current - Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2014; - Ancestry.com - - GenealogieOnline. Coret Genealogie. http://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/: accessed 4 September 2014. - Record for Robert Stewart - http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=WebASM-9289&h=31927333&indiv=try
- Website - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 72.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
1336 : Marriage (with Elizabeth Mure)
Sources: Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
1349 : Marriage (with Elizabeth Mure)
Sources:
- Website - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
- Book - "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 216.
after 2 May 1355 : Marriage (with Euphemia Of Ross)
Sources: Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
22 February 1371 : Accession
Sources: Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
--- : Other
House of Stewart
Sources: Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 59.
about 22 February 1371 : Crowned - Scone Abbey, Perthshire, Scotland
King of Scotland
Sources:
- Book - "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 216.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
between 22 February 1371 and 1390 : Occupation
King of Scotland
Sources:
- Book - "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 216.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 16.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 59.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 72.
1388 : Event
Batt;e of Otterburn
Sources: Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
--- : Marriage (with Moira Leitch)
19 April 1390 : Death - Ayrshire, Scotland
Dundonald Castle
Sources:
- Ancestry.com - Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current - Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2014; - Ancestry.com - - GenealogieOnline. Coret Genealogie. http://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/: accessed 4 September 2014. - Record for Robert Stewart - http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=WebASM-9289&h=31927333&indiv=try
- Website - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_II_of_Scotland
- Book - "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 228.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 72.
- Book - "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 73.
1390 : Burial - Perthshire, Scotland
Scone Abbey
Sources: Book - "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 228.
Notes
Individual Note
Name Source: Ancestry.com - Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current - Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2014; - Ancestry.com - - GenealogieOnline. Coret Genealogie. http://www.genealogieonline.nl/en/: accessed 4 September 2014. Record for Robert Stewart http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=WebASM-9289&h=31927333&indiv=try
Name Source: Book "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 216.
Name Source: Book "Scottish Genealogy" by Bruce Durie Third Edition, 2012 The History Press, Page 347.
Name Source: Book "Scottish Genealogy" by Bruce Durie Third Edition, 2012 The History Press, Page 348.
Name Source: Book "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 16.
Name Source: Book "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 59.
Name Source: Book "The Illustrared Encyclpedia of Royal Britain" By Charles Phillips Hermes House Page 72.
Title Source: Book "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 216.
Title Source: Book "Britain's Royal Families", The Complete Genealogy, by Alison Weir . 2002 Vintage Books, Page 216.
Elizabeth was originally Robert's mistress. They married after Robert III was born.
Robert II (early 1316 - 19 April 1390) reigned as King of Scots from 1371 to his death as the first monarch of the House of Stewart. He was the son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and of Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert the Bruce and of his first wife Isabella of Mar.
Edward Bruce was named heir to the throne but he died without legitimate children on 3 December 1318 in a battle near Dundalk in Ireland. Marjorie by this time had died in a riding accident - probably in 1317. Parliament decreed her infant son, Robert Stewart, as heir presumptive, but this lapsed on 5 March 1324 on the birth of a son, David, to King Robert and his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh. Robert Stewart inherited the title of High Steward of Scotland on his father's death on 9 April 1326, and a Parliament held in July 1326 confirmed the young Steward as heir should Prince David die without a successor. In 1329 King Robert I died and the six year-old David succeeded to the throne with Sir Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray appointed Guardian of Scotland.
Edward Balliol, son of King John Balliol, assisted by the English and Scottish nobles disinherited by Robert I, invaded Scotland inflicting heavy defeats on the Bruce party on 11 August 1332 at Dupplin Moor and Halidon Hill on 10 July 1333. Robert fought at Halidon, where his uncle and former guardian, Sir James Stewart, was killed. Following this battle, Robert's lands in the west were given by Balliol to his supporter David Strathbogie, the titular Earl of Atholl. Robert took refuge in the fortress of Dumbarton Castle in the Clyde estuary to join his uncle, King David. In May 1334 David escaped to France leaving Robert and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray as joint Guardians of the kingdom. Robert succeeded in regaining his lands but following Randolph's capture by the English in July 1335, his possessions were once again targeted by the forces of Balliol and King Edward III of England. This may have persuaded Robert to submit to Balliol and the English king and may explain his removal as Guardian by September 1335. The Guardianship transferred to Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell but following his death in 1338 Robert was re-appointed and retained the office until King David returned from France in June 1341. Robert accompanied David into battle at Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346 but he and Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March escaped or fled the field and David was taken prisoner. In October 1357, the king was ransomed for 100,000 marks to be paid in installments over ten years.
Robert married Elizabeth Mure around 1348, legitimising his four sons and five daughters. His subsequent marriage to Euphemia de Ross in 1355 produced two sons and two surviving daughters and provided the basis of a future dispute regarding the line of succession. Robert joined a rebellion against David in 1363, but submitted to him following a threat to his right of succession. In 1364 David presented a proposal to Parliament that would cancel the remaining ransom debt if it was agreed that a Plantagenet heir would inherit the Scottish throne should he die without issue. This was rejected and Robert succeeded to the throne at the age of 55 following David's unexpected death in 1371. England still controlled large sectors in the Lothians and in the border country so King Robert allowed his southern earls to engage in actions in the English zones to regain their territories, halted trade with England and renewed treaties with France. By 1384 the Scots had re-taken most of the occupied lands, but following the commencement of Anglo-French peace talks, Robert was reluctant to commit Scotland to all-out war and obtained Scotland's inclusion in the peace treaty.
Robert II (2 March 1316 – 19 April 1390) was King of Scotland from 1371 to his death in 1390. He was the first monarch of the House of Stewart. He was the son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and of Marjorie Bruce, daughter of the Scottish king Robert the Bruce by his first wife Isabella of Mar.
Edward Bruce, younger brother of Robert the Bruce, was named heir presumptive but died without heirs on 3 December 1318. Marjorie Bruce had died probably in 1317 in a riding accident and parliament decreed her infant son, Robert Stewart, as heir presumptive, but this lapsed on 5 March 1324 on the birth of a son, David, to King Robert and his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh. Robert Stewart became High Steward of Scotland on his father's death on 9 April 1326, and in the same year parliament confirmed the young Steward as heir should Prince David die without a successor. In 1329 King Robert I died and the six-year-old David succeeded to the throne under the guardianship of Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray.
Edward Balliol, son of King John Balliol—assisted by the English and those Scottish nobles who had been disinherited by Robert I—invaded Scotland inflicting heavy defeats on the Bruce party on 11 August 1332 at Dupplin Moor and Halidon Hill on 19 July 1333. Robert, who had fought at Halidon joined his uncle, King David in refuge in Dumbarton Castle. David escaped to France in 1334 and parliament, still functioning, appointed Robert and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray as joint Guardians of the kingdom. Randolph was captured by the English in July 1335 and in the same year Robert submitted to Balliol bringing about the removal of his guardianship. The office was reinstated in 1338 and Robert held it until David's return from France in June 1341. Hostilities continued and Robert was with David at the Neville's Cross on 17 October 1346 and either escaped or fled the field but David was captured and remained a prisoner until he was ransomed in October 1357.
Robert married Elizabeth Mure around 1348, legitimising his four sons and five daughters. His subsequent marriage to Euphemia de Ross in 1355 produced two sons and two surviving daughters. Robert rebelled against the King in 1363 but submitted to him following a threat to his right of succession. David died in 1371 and Robert succeeded him at the age of fifty-five. The border magnates continued to attack English-held zones in southern Scotland and by 1384, the Scots had re-taken most of the occupied lands. Robert ensured that Scotland was included in the Anglo-French truce of 1384 and that was a factor in the coup in November when he lost control of the country first to his eldest son, John, and then from 1388 to John's younger brother, Robert. King Robert died in Dundonald Castle in 1390 and was buried at Scone Abbey.